The Supreme Court

 A few days back, I decided to pay a visit to the Supreme Court of Canada. My last visit inside was, I believe, before Covid.

The Court is an Art Deco masterpiece, its current headquarters started in 1939 and opened in 1946.

On its grounds is this statue. Louis St. Laurent was a lawyer who went into politics late into his middle age- had he not, he had all the makings of a Supreme Court Justice, so his presence is fitting here. He succeeded William Lyon Mackenzie King as leader of the Liberal Party, and Prime Minister of Canada.

Flanking the main entrance are two larger than life statues by the artist Walter Allward, whose masterpiece was the Vimy Memorial in France. This one is Truth. Its counterpart we'll look closer at before we end this series.

Guided tours are offered hourly, in English and in French, especially this time of year when court is not in session. While waiting, I photographed a series of displays.

Ernest Cormier was the architect, based out of Montreal, designing the current headquarters of the Court, as well as its emblem. 

The Court itself is in its 150th year, with its local roots nearby on Parliament Hill before its current headquarters was opened. Queen Elizabeth dedicated the cornerstone in the presence of her husband King George VI and the prime minister, Mackenzie King.

There are nine justices today, hearing appeals and references from the government. Of the cases submitted to the Court, perhaps a tenth of them actually get a hearing.

Allward's two statues Truth and Justice were originally meant for a memorial to King Edward VII that was never made, and the statues were forgotten, rediscovered half a century later, and installed outside the building.

Next year, the Court will move across the street while the building undergoes renewal work for a number of years. One of the key points- and the most time consuming- is measures to protect against earthquakes.

Here we have a scale model of the building.

The Supreme Court Of Canada

A note to those in the area: Ottawa Buskerfest is this weekend, from Friday to Sunday. 

Each year, the federal government puts on a display series on Plaza Bridge, here at Confederation Square, with a different historical subject. This year it is the 150th anniversary of the establishment of the Supreme Court of Canada. This view from the west takes in the former main train station, turned Government Conference Center, which these days is temporary home to the Senate.

The Supreme Court itself is to the west of Parliament Hill, with its current building an Art Deco masterpiece that was started in 1939. 

It originally was housed in committee rooms in Centre Block, and then stood east of its current location, roughly where the Confederation Block would be today, in the old Supreme Court Building, seen here.

The court has evolved over time, from six judges to nine. With the mix of English and French influences, and the bilingual nature of the country, three judges are from Quebec, three are from Ontario, two from the west and the north, and one from Atlantic Canada.

It was Queen Elizabeth, mother of the late Queen Elizabeth II, who laid the cornerstone for the current building during a state trip with her husband King George VI in 1939, mere months before World War Two. Here they are both seen at the ceremony, with the Canadian Prime Minister of the time, William Lyon Mackenzie King.

By the 1940s, the Supreme Court was the final avenue of appeal for Canada. It had been possible beforehand to appeal to the Privy Council in the United Kingdom.

Here we see the main courtroom during a case. The Court decides which cases to hear, or to decline. They are not required to give a reason as to why a case might be declined.

The Court even has its own institutional flag.

Judicial influence is a key factor in the Supreme Court. While justices are appointed through the government, it is a rigorous process that does not favour partisanship in potential justices. The current Chief Justice is Richard Wagner.

The nine justices take part in attending the Throne Speech at Parliament.

A wider view, including the presence of the Rideau Canal, which flows beneath Plaza Bridge.

The Canadian Charter of Rights and Freedoms is an integral part of the Canadian constitution, and a core issue for the Court in determining if rights have been violated in legal proceedings.

City Daily Photo Theme Day: Best Of The Year

 My last of the three today. In October I took a shuttle bus up into Gatineau Park for a fall colours tour. Most of the park lies within the boundaries of Les-Collines-des-l'Outaouais municipality, and it is a federal park administered by the National Capital Commission.

One of my stops was at the Champlain Lookout, with a breathtaking view down to the valley floor. The Ottawa River is over there, and across it are the last stretches of the city of Ottawa, mostly village and countryside at this point.

Another stop was at Pink Lake, an unusual lake that is popular for hiking. It is a meromictic lake, one in which the layers do not mix. 

My visit included a tour of the Mackenzie King Estate. One of our greatest Prime Ministers, William Lyon Mackenzie King, started buying land in the Hills as a young lawyer and politician, building a weekend retreat and ultimately a home in a place that gave him much solace. He was instrumental in the creation of Gatineau Park, and left his estate to the people of Canada in his will. This is the old cottage, Kingswood.

Down slope from the cottage is Kingsmere Lake, particularly beautiful in the fall.

The main house, which he built as he became more and more prominent as a national leader, is Moorside.

He was a character. Mackenzie King had a sentimental streak and a love for nature, as well as an eye for landscape design. He would take pieces of buildings being demolished in Ottawa and bring them to the estate. Some are found on their own. Others are incorporated into a larger creative work called a folly. This is the Window on the Forest.

This is his Arc de Triomphe.

While here we have the Abbey Ruins.

A beautiful day to be at this estate.

From One War To The Next

 This haunting painting is titled The Conquerors, by Eric Kennington. It portrays Canadian soldiers, both living and ghosts, on the march. The dead are distinguished by their pale faces and dark rimmed eyes.

The Great War for Canadian forces came to an end at the Belgian town of Mons, which they liberated in the hours before the armistice.

But the cost of the war was tremendous for the country.

Memorials would be erected in the years to follow, in memory of those who never returned.

But the failure of the peace talks would set the stage for the next war, even more terrible, and the rise of dictators. The next gallery is on the Second World War, and the first thing one sees is this vehicle- once owned by Hitler.

When war broke out, Canada was in it from the start.

Canadians would be part of the war in Europe from the beginning, with the navy engaged in the Battle of the Atlantic, and pilots and soldiers headed for Britain as part of the war effort.

Canada would also be a training ground for pilots of the Allied forces.

This is a flight simulator of the era, said to be harder to operate than actual planes.

The Battle of the Atlantic was the longest campaign of the war, from the first days of the war to the end of the war in Europe. Canadian naval vessels would do escorts for the merchant navy bringing supplies to Europe. A simulation video is part of the exhibit at this area, showing Canadians dealing with a German U-Boat.

U-Boats were the terror of the seas- which Churchill himself acknowledged.